| Juan Pablo Aldasoro | |
|---|---|
Juan Pablo Aldasoro on his own Aeroplane, 1909. |
|
| Born | September 14, 1893 Real del Monte, Hidalgo Mexico. |
| Died | October 4, 1962 (aged 69) Mexico City. |
| Allegiance | Mexican Air Force. |
| Rank | Lieutenant Colonel of the Mexican Air Force. |
| Awards | Francisco Sarabia Club Aéreo de México American Airlines Admiral of the Fleet Mérito Aeronáutico de Primera Clase Mexican Air force for 30 years as a pilot EMILIO CARRANZA Secretaría de Comunicaciones y Obras Públicas Member of Legión de Honor Mexicana |
| Other work | First Solo flight in 1909 First Solo flight above the Statue of Liberty in 1913 Member of the Early Birds of Aviation |
| Eduardo Aldasoro | |
|---|---|
Juan Pablo (seated) and Eduardo Aldasoro (standing) pioneers of world aviation, 1915. |
|
| Born | October 27, 1894 Real del Monte, Hidalgo Mexico. |
| Died | November 10, 1968 (aged 74) Mexico City. |
| Allegiance | Mexican Air Force. |
| Rank | Division General of the Mexican Air Force. |
| Awards | Francisco Sarabia Club Aéreo de México American Airlines Admiral of the Fleet Mérito Aeronáutico de Primera Clase Mexican Air force for 30 years as a pilot EMILIO CARRANZA Secretaría de Comunicaciones y Obras Públicas Member of Legión de Honor Mexicana Legion of Merit (USA) Comendador de la Orden de Boyaca (Colombia) Condecoración de la Junta Interamericana de Defensas Conjunta en Washington, D.C (USA) |
| Other work | Member of the Early Birds of Aviation |
Juan Pablo Aldasoro (1893–1962), an aviation pioneer, was born on September 14, 1893 in the "Casa Grande" of Real of Monte, State of Hidalgo, Mexico; in the same place, his brother Eduardo Aldasoro Suárez was born on October 27, 1894. Both brothers were born to an upper-class family, their father Ing. Andrés Aldasoro was Minister of Promotion under Porfirio Díaz and was General Manager of the Mine "Las Dos Estrellas" in the state of Michoacán.
Both brothers were world aviation pioneers, also known as Early Birds of Aviation.
Contents |
The inseparable brothers alternated their studies of preparatory with their vocation being mechanics and a passion for flying, and through publications and magazines of those days time they inquired researched about everything related to aviation.
By 1908 they began to design and construct their first gliders, which were tested on fields near the Piedad Cemetery (Panteón de la Piedad, now Avenida Cuauhtémoc in Mexico City). They achieved brilliant results as they managed to fly about one hundred meters in their own designed gliders.
They used diverse methods for the propulsion: the glider was towed by a steam automobile that reached a terminal velocity of 50 km/hour. The structure of the plane was made of wood, the wings were covered by a blanket hardened with engrudo and the landing gear was adapted from steel tubes and bicycle wheels. The gliders were cautiously hidden, to avoid someone else stealing their design by covering them with linen cloths.
The tests were performed at different hours, mainly at dawn. For his first flights he used leader mandiles for protection, since the gliders were severely damaged after each flight.
March 9, 1909 was a very important day for the Aldasoro brothers; that day they took the glider towards the outskirts of Mexico City, nowadays Calle de Querétaro in Colonia Roma. This was the first street to be opened in the neighbourhood and for them it represented a nice track without obstacles. They tied the glider to a steam car called "White", which was the fastest automobile of those days. Juan Pablo would be the pilot and his brother Eduardo would be in charge of driving the car that would tow the glider.
As they started moving, a huge cloud of dust arose, the glider slowly elevated the tail and finally emerged from the cloud. The car continued moving for about 300 meters and then slowly decreased the speed to allow the glider to loosen the cable and then continue flying. Suddenly something unexpected happened. The device to release the cable did not worked properly and Juan Pablo went flying above the car without being able to free himself. As the plane continued, the cable pulled it back and immediately turned in a somersault and crashed. The glider was destroyed and, miraculously, Juan Pablo was alive with only a fractured leg. The experience drawn from this flight was extraordinary, the pilot had managed to have absolute control of the glider for more than 480 meters as well as a very stable flight at a height of 10 meters.
This accident and others undergone by Eduardo, did not discouraged them at all. On the contrary, having seen that their planes were able to fly, they decided to construct an engine that could be adapted into an aeroplane. With this intention in mind, they travelled to the mine of "Las Dos Estrellas" , in Tlalpujahua, Michoacán, where his father was the manager. They took with them drafts and designs and used the mine's welding and smelting facilities to construct an internal combustion engine with two opposite cylinders. At that time, the existing engines were very heavy and voluminous, they had enormous radiators for cooling, and many of accessories that did not satisfy the required characteristics to propel an aeroplane.
Finally, on January 1911 they finished the construction and testing of the motor, cooled by air, it could develop 60 h.p., and up to 900 RPM. The prime feature was its weight/power ratio: 3 kilos per hp.
In addition, the Aldasoro brothers constructed a very rudimentary wind tunnel to help them study the process of flying. They experimented with different shapes and angles for the wings as well as their centre of gravity. Years before other European designers, they designed the "thick wing", which was highly efficient. They had improved aerodynamics of the airplane. Once assembled all the components, the aeroplane complete with engine was ready to be tested.
When the aeroplane was finished, President Francisco I. Madero's War Minister General Angel García Peña, inspected the plane very carefully. He decided that before testing it, Juan Pablo and Eduardo Aldasoro should be granted a scholarship by the Government of Mexico to attend the Moisant aviation school in New York. The President of Mexico, Don Francisco I. Madero, was a progressive and visionary man, he thought that aviation offered great possibilities to create a modern army, about which the vocation, the professional formation and a pure patriotic spirit of youth, served as incentive to renew people, styles and customs of the past. Then, the Aldasoro brothers, accompanied by Alberto Salinas Carranza, Gustavo Salinas Camiña and Horacio Ruiz, travelled to the USA and were the first Mexicans to graduate as pilots on March 12, 1913.
The Fédération Aéronautique Internationale granted the licenses nbr. 217 to Juan Pablo Aldasoro and nbr. 218 to Eduardo Aldasoro. On the graduation day, the authorities authorised one of the recent pilots to fly over the Statue of Liberty.
Juan Pablo won the draw and took off the training fields at Long Island NY, he completed the flight, above the waters with total control and security, he reached the Statue, and returned to the fields as the first man to fly over this famous New York symbol. Newspapers and magazines recorded the event with great detail. The New York Council granted a diploma to Juan Pablo Aldasoro in memory of the event and the airplane's propeller is now kept in the National Air and Space Museum in Washington, D.C, where it pays tribute to these pilots who contributed with courage and sacrifice to the history of aviation.
As Juan Pablo and Eduardo Aldasoro flew "solo" before 1916, they are recognized as part of the Early Birds of Aviation.
President Madero did not have the opportunity to see his dream fulfilled, but those five pioneers, Juan Pablo and Eduardo Aldasoro, Alberto and Gustavo Salinas and Horacio Ruiz, would become the pillars of the Mexican Air Force, not only as founders, but also teachers for the next generation of pilots. The Department of Military Aeronautics, the School, the National Factories of Aeronautical Constructions and the Mexican Air Force, regarded them as pillars and guides. In these institutions they committed their lives and work.
Juan Pablo Aldasoro Suárez died on the 4th of October, 1962 with the rank of Lieutenant Colonel Flying Pilot.
Eduardo Aldasoro Suárez died on the 10th of November, 1968, with the rank of General Brigadier Flying Pilot.
Two bases of the Mexican Air Force were named after the Aldasoro Brothers:
Carlos Noriega Hope wrote a Short Story El Tesoro de Cabeza de Vaca which was inspired during a visit to Juan Pablo Aldasoro's Hacienda in the State of Jalisco in the 1920s. The Story appeared in the book La inutil Curiosidad later re-printed under the title of Las experiencias de Miss Patsy. Juan Pablo appears as himself in a fictional story of treasure hunts.
There is a street in Mexico City in the "Aviación Civil" neighbourhood south of the International Airport of Mexico City. Other famous Mexican (Juan Guillermo Villasana, Horacio Ruiz, Alberto Salinas and Roberto Fierro) and international pilots (Santos Dumont, Roland Garros, Louis Bleriot, Charles Lindebergh, Alberto Braniff, Enrique Farman, Simon Audenaro) have streets in the same neighbourhood.
A primary school near Toluca (Clave 15EJN0622N, Turno MATUTINO) was named "Hermanos Aldasoro".